The classical pathway is activated by C1q-mediated recognition of the target. Further activation of this pathway causes C4b and its cleavage product iC4b to accumulate in the tissues. C4b binds to C2 ...

The complement system consists of a number of small proteins found in the blood, in general synthesized by the liver, and normally circulating as inactive precursors (pro-proteins). When stimulated by ...

The fact that the complement system is activated during immune-complex glomerular disease has been known for nearly 50 years. Detection of complement deposition in the glomerulus using immunochemistry ...

Immunotherapy is increasingly becoming standard therapy in cancer, with technology, such as checkpoint inhibitors and cell therapy, raising the efficacy bar in many forms of the disease. But the ...

It was called ‘complement’ because it aided the antibacterial activity of antibodies. However, it is now known that the complement system can be activated early in an infection without the presence of ...

Long Covid patients suffer from chronic symptoms such as fatigue or shortness of breath. As researchers have discovered, this is to some extent due to a part of our immune system called the complement ...

Among people with sickle cell disease—an inherited blood disorder—acute chest syndrome (ACS) is the leading cause of death. The condition is the result of red blood cells becoming stiff, sticky, and ...